Meaning & readings

previously, already, long ago

On’yomi
Kun’yomi すで.に

Origin

The character combines two components to express the idea of something that has already happened. The left component 艮 relates to stopping or halting, which connects to the sense of something being completed or finished. The right component 旡 functions as a sound hint, giving you a clue about how to pronounce the character rather than adding to its meaning. Together, these parts create a character that originally meant something like a completed or past action, which evolved into the modern meanings of "already" and "previously."

AI-generated (claude-haiku-4-5), not yet reviewed. Formation type (automated guess): Phono-semantic (meaning + sound hint).

10 strokes

Components

  • radical left
  • sound hint right

A sound hint component points at the character’s pronunciation, not its meaning — don’t read a meaning into it.

Common words

  • 既に すでに already
  • 既婚 きこん married
  • 既成 きせい established; existing
  • 既製 きせい ready-made; off the shelf
  • 既存 きそん existing
  • 既定 きてい established; fixed
  • 既往症 きおうしょう illness that one had in the past; previous illness
  • 既製服 きせいふく ready-made clothes; ready-to-wear clothes

Reference

Strokes
10
Kangxi radical
71
Grade
Jōyō (secondary school)
Frequency rank
#1081 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 1
Unicode
U+065E2