Meaning & readings

ten

On’yomi ジュウ、ジッ、ジュッ
Kun’yomi とお、と、そ
Nanori い、か、ぎ、さ、し、そう、ち、とう、ね、ま、る、わ

Origin

The character is a simple picture of a cross or plus sign, which evolved from ancient tally marks used for counting. In early Chinese writing systems, people would use crossed lines to represent the number ten, since ten was a fundamental counting unit. Over time, this visual symbol became standardized into the two perpendicular strokes you see today. The shape is so basic and iconic that it has remained nearly unchanged for thousands of years, making it one of the most straightforward kanji to understand.

AI-generated (claude-haiku-4-5), not yet reviewed. Formation type (automated guess): Pictographic or simple.

2 strokes

Components

This character is treated as a single, undivided shape (十).

Common words

  • 十一 じゅういち eleven; 11
  • 十億 じゅうおく 1,000,000,000; billion
  • 十九 じゅうきゅう nineteen; 19
  • 十五 じゅうご fifteen; 15
  • 十三 じゅうさん thirteen; 13
  • 十字 じゅうじ cross; cross shape
  • 十二 じゅうに twelve; 12
  • 十八 じゅうはち eighteen; 18

Reference

Strokes
2
Kangxi radical
24
Grade
Grade 1 (Kyōiku)
Frequency rank
#8 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 4
Unicode
U+05341