Meaning & readings

vegetable, side dish, greens

On’yomi サイ
Kun’yomi
Nanori よう

Origin

The character combines a grass radical at the top, which marks it as a plant, with the component below, which serves as a sound hint for pronunciation rather than adding meaning. The grass radical 艹 is a common classifier that groups plant-related characters together, so placing it above any component signals "this is about vegetation." By pairing this plant indicator with , which has a similar sound to the character's pronunciation, the character came to mean vegetables or edible greens—the things you'd gather from plants to eat as a side dish.

AI-generated (claude-haiku-4-5), not yet reviewed. Formation type (automated guess): Phono-semantic (meaning + sound hint).

11 strokes

Components

  • radical top
  • sound hint bottom

A sound hint component points at the character’s pronunciation, not its meaning — don’t read a meaning into it.

Common words

  • 菜園 さいえん vegetable garden
  • 菜種 なたね rapeseed; coleseed
  • 菜食 さいしょく vegetable diet
  • 山菜 さんさい edible wild plants
  • 惣菜 そうざい small dish (served as a part of an ordinary household meal); side dish
  • 白菜 はくさい napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis); nappa cabbage
  • 野菜 やさい vegetable

Reference

Strokes
11
Kangxi radical
140
Grade
Grade 4 (Kyōiku)
Frequency rank
#1327 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 3
Unicode
U+083DC